Cervical spine surgery addresses disc diseases in the neck and involves one of three general operations:

• Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy and Microdiscectomy
• Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
• Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Artificial Disc Replacement

Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy and Microdiscectomy:

This procedure is performed at the back of the neck and involves a minimally invasive muscle dissection to expose the area where the nerve or spinal cord is compressed. This operation creates a window between two vertebrae to alleviate pressure on your nerve which may be trapped by bone overgrowth, spurs, or a disc protrusion. The procedure can be done with an endoscope or a microscope, and if a disc fragment is removed during this procedure, it is called a microdiscectomy.

Postoperative Care:

Patients are encouraged to walk the day after surgery to mobilize the neck within the limits of discomfort. It’s common to experience mild swallowing difficulties and possible hoarseness immediately after surgery, which generally resolves over time. Most stitches are absorbable, and patients can shower with the dressing on initially. Dressings are usually removed on the third day post-operation, and the wound should not be soaked for one week after the operation.

Risks and Precautions:

Every surgery has inherent risks including infection, bleeding, and more rarely, death or paralysis. Infections can be superficial or deep, requiring various levels of intervention, and sometimes reoperation. A cerebrospinal fluid leak is a complication where the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord leaks, which needs to be repaired to avoid the risk of meningitis. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is another potential risk, especially for patients who remain in bed for prolonged periods post-surgery.

Preventative Measures:

To minimize risks, patients are encouraged to mobilize as soon as possible post-surgery and are fitted with elastic stockings and calf compressors during surgery. In some cases, anticoagulants are used to prevent thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Additionally, routine surveillance with ultrasound can be conducted for patients who spend a lot of time in bed post-surgery.

Long-Term Considerations:

Following cervical spine surgery, a small percentage of patients per year may develop problems at adjacent levels, with some requiring additional surgery within 10 years. Patients are advised to avoid heavy exercise and lifting for six weeks post-surgery, after which normal activities can usually be resumed.

Cervical spine surgery is a sophisticated procedure aimed at alleviating pain and discomfort arising from disc diseases. While every surgery has its risks, careful postoperative care, early mobilization, and adherence to the surgeon’s advice can help in managing these risks and ensuring a smoother recovery.

Enhance your treatment journey with expert Neurosurgeon and Spine Surgeon, Dr BSV Raju; book your appointment now.